What is hyperthyroidism?


  • Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which there is hyper production of thyroid hormone.
  • It is also called as thyrotoxicosis.

 Hyperthyroidism cause, symptoms and diagnosis

Normal condition 

Hyperthyroidism cause, symptoms and diagnosis


  • Normally the hypothalamus detects low level of thyroid hormone in our body and in turn releases thyrotropin releasing hormone
  • There is a connecting system between hypothalamus and pituitary gland called as hypophaseal portal system.
  • The Throtropin releasing hormone acts on the pituitary gland and stimulates it, the pituitary gland in turns secretes thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).
  • TSH stimulates the thyroid gland
  • The Thyroid gland has follicular cells, these cells release 2 hormones T3 and T4
  • Some t3 and t4 enter the blood stream some t4 gets converted into t4

Hyperthyroidism cause, symptoms and diagnosis

The normal function of  the thyroid gland is


  • It increases metabolism.
  • It increases cardiac output.
  • It stimulates bone absorption.
  • It activates the sympathetic nervous system.
  • Overproduction of these hormones causes hyperthyroidism

Causes
Hyperthyroidism cause, symptoms and diagnosis

1 Graves disease


  • Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder
  • In this our immune system attacks the  thyroid gland due to which thyroid gland releases more thyroid hormone

2 Toxic nodular goiter

File:A woman suffering from Goiter.png - Wikimedia Commons


  • In this nodule develops in thyroid gland due to which follicular cells start generating thyroid hormone
  • Mutated TSH keeps the follicular cells active.

3 Hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma


  • In this adenoma follicular cells of the thyroid gland multiply and form benign tumor.

4 Jod Basedow syndrome


  • It is also called as iodine induced tyrotoxicosis
  • It occurs due to overdose of iodine

5 Neonatal hyperthyroidism


  • This occurs in pregnant women
  • If the mother has graves disease (autoimmune disorder)
  • Too much placenta is produced in the mother's body TSH crosses the placenta and it reaches to the fetus.
  • It can cause mental retardation in the baby


6 Anterior pituitary tumor


  • In this our pituitary secret too muchTSH

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism



  • Weight loss
  • Decreased heat tolerance
  • Rapid heart rate
  • Sweating
  • Anxiety
  • Insomnia
  • Bulging of the eyes
  • In severe cases, congestive heart failure and osteoporosis

Complications


  • Thyroid storm
  • In this severe hyper metabolism of the body occur
  • It occurs when the patient stops treatment immediately
  • If infection occurs
  • In this normal function of thyroid gland becomes exaggerated

Diagnosis


  • Check the sign and symptoms
  • Blood test for tsh t3 and t4
  • To find the cause radioactive iodine uptake test is done
  • The TSH level is normal of high in pituitary tumors
  • If you have hyperthyroidism do not worry take proper treatment and take medicines
  • Improve your diet and do yoga and other exercises
  • Stay fit and stay healthy
  • In my upcoming blogs I will tell about some exercises which you can do to prevent thyroid disorders
  • Keep following...!!

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