Everyone must be aware of corona virus but today i m going to tell you how people suffering from covid 19 develops pneumonia and what is the difference between covid 19 pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia 



what is pneumonia ?


  • it is an inflammation of lung parenchyma or alveolar filling with fluid 
  • alveolar sacs are air filled sac which absorb oxygen from atmosphere 



PNEUMONIA DUE TO COVID 19 



  • when people with covid 19 develop  cough and fever this means infection has reeached respiratory tree , 
  • respiratory tree is the air passage that conduct air between lungs and environment
     
  • due to the infection, the lining of the respiratory tree becomes week causing inflammation 
  • this in turn irritates the nerves in the lining of airway
  • if this gets worse,infection goes to alveolar sacs due to the inflammatory response of lung macrophages and other neutrophils air sac becomes inflamed 
  • this causes an outpouring of inflammatory material into the lungs and people end up with pneumonia 
  • lungs which are filled with inflammatory material are unable to get enough oxygen 
  • due to more and more carbon dioxide retention people die 

THERE IS A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NORMAL PNEUMONIA AND COVID 19 PNEUMONIA 


  • patients suffering from bacterial pneumonia responds to antibiotic 
  • but in covid 19 it is very severe 
  • corona virus pneumonia affect all of the lungs instead of small parts 
  • when air sacs are involved then the body's first response is to try and limit the replication

first response mechanism is impaired in people suffering from 


  • heart conditions 
  • lung conditions 
  • diabetes 
  • old age 
  • cancer 
  • chronic diseases of kidney or liver
  • smokers 
  • infants ages 12 months and under



NO MATTER HOW HEALTHY AND ACTIVE YOU ARE , YOUR RISK OF GETTING PNEUMONIA INCREASES WITH AGE .THIS IS BECAUSE OUR IMMUNE SYSTEM WEAKENS WITH AGE 

BACTERIAL,VIRAL,FUNGAL PNEUMONIA 


there is an inflammation of lung parenchyma or alveolar filling with fluid
it is of 2 types
1 nosocomial pneumonia
2 community acquired pneumonia

 COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
  • in this there is an acute infection of pulmonary parenchyma with presence of 
  • acute infiltrate in chest radio graph 
  • it occurs in patient those who are not hospitalised or are residing in a care facility for more then 14 days 

It is caused by 

1 inhalation - patient inhales aerobic organism , organism bypass normal respiratory defence mechanism 

2 aspiration - patient aspirates upper colonise secretions

3 haematogenous-originate from different source and reach the lung through blood


RISK FACTOR 


  • viral infection 
  • old age 
  • smoking 
  • alcohol 
  • asthma 
  • copd
  • dementia 
  • diabetes mellitus 
  • renal failure 
  • cold weather 
  • heart diseases 


Signs and symptoms 


  • systemic- high fever and chills
  • central - head ache , loss of appetite 
  • skin - clamminess , blueness
  • vascular- low bp
  • lungs- cough with sputum or phlegm 
  • shortness of breadth 
  • pleuritic chest pain 
  • high heart rate 
  • nausea and vomiting 
  • joint pain 

bacterial cause 


  • streptococcus pneumonia 
  • haemophilus influenza
  • klebsiella 
  • pseudomonas 
  • eoli 
  • staphylococcus aureus 


NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA /HOSPITAL ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA 




  • It is defined as pneumona developing 48 hrs after adminstration in hospital 



Diagnosis 


  • fever more then 38.c 
  • leukopenia 
  • leukocytosis 
  • purulent sputum 
  • increased resp secretion 
  • worsening cough 
  • dyspnea
  • rales , bronchial breath sounds 

PRECAUTIONS 


  • Wash your hands regularly 
  • eat plenty of fruits and vegetables
  • exercise 
  • get enough sleep
  • quit smoking 
  • stay away from sick people 
  • drink plenty of fluid 



IF YOU NOTICE ANY OF THE  ABOVE SYMPTOM PLEASE CONSULT TO YOUR  DOCTOR 

TAKE PRECAUTIONS
BE SAFE
PROTECT YOURSELF